Kearlsey Case Study Essay Example for Free

Kearlsey Case Study Essay Tony Kearsley applies for a position as a firefighter with the City of St. Catharines and was accepted on condition that he were to pass a medical examination by a doctor specified by the city. However, during the medical exam the doctor discovered that Kearsley had an atrial fibrillation (an irregular heartbeat) and refused to pass him. Kearsley took it upon himself to consult a medical specialist who advised him that his condition would indeed not affect his ability to perform his job as a firefighter. Kearsley then filed a complaint against the city with the Ontario Human Rights Commission. At the Commissions Bored of Inquiry hearing, the doctor who had originally examined Kearsley testified that atrial fibrillation led to increased risk for stroke meaning his heart could fail to pump sufficient blood to his organs during the extreme conditions that come with firefighting. The Board of Inquiry called a medical expert in atrial fibrillation. The expert testified that the increased risk for stroke in someone of Kearsley’s age was inconsequential. The expert further testified that there was no increased risk for heart failure in someone like Kearsley because he was otherwise in good health. Meanwhile, after Kearsley got turned down by the St. Catharines fire department, Kearsley had become a firefighter in the City of Hamilton, achieving the rank of first-class firefighter in October 2001. 2. Why did the Board of Inquiry rule in Kearsley’s favour? The Board of Inquiry ruled in Kearsley’s favour because they came to the conclusion that Mr. Tony Kearsley had in fact suffered discrimination. The Board noted that it would have been the City of St. Catharines responsibility to seek an expert opinion when confronted with a medical condition such as that found in Kearsley. The Board also indicated that this was the procedure used in other municipalities. The City did not follow their responsibilities which led to Mr. Kearsley’s unfair treatment and discrimination based on disability. For these reasons, this is why I think the Board of Inquiry most definitely ruled in Kearsley’s favour. 3. Do you agree with the decision in this case? Why or why not? I strongly agree with the decision of the case. Tony Kearsley was without a doubt, discriminated based on disability which is illegal in Canada. I feel like the city of St. Catharines defiantly should have handled this matter in a more ordered and professional way, as it seems that none of the facts in favour of the city of St. Catharines truly added up. I feel like the city jumped to conclusions too quickly not taking into account that Tony Kearsley was still fully capable to fulfill all duties of a firefighter. They did not treat Mr. Kearsley as an equal after finding out he had a disability; this is an act of discrimination and this is illegal. The city of St. Catharines owes at the least these things to Mr. Tony Kearsley in return for their lack of knowledge towards him while doing their job. 4. In what ways in this case a question of human rights? This case is a question of human rights because it is strongly discriminating against disability in the workplace. The Ontario Human Rights Code provides in part: 5(1) Every person has a right to equal treatment with respect to employment without discrimination because of †¦ handicap. 10(1) â€Å"because of handicap† means for the reason that person has or had, or is believed to have or have had a) any degree of physical disability that is caused by illness. 17(1) a right of a person under this Act is not infringed for the reason only that the person is incapable of performing of fulfilling essential duties or requirements attending the exercise of the right because of handicap. It is obvious at once that a person with very bad eyesight is not discriminated against when refused a job as a truck driver nor a person with inadequate strength when refused a job as a police officer or firefighter. There is no doubt that St. Catharines considered that Mr. Kearsley had a physical disability, atrial fibrillation. The issue is whether St. Catharines was justified in concluding that because of this perceived disability; Mr. Kearsley was incapable of performing or fulfilling essential duties as a firefighter. It was later found out that Mr. Kearsley could indeed perform all duties as a firefighter, as he got hired by the City of Hamilton later that year. Therefore, Mr. Kearsley was discriminated against based on disability and this is without a doubt, a question of human rights.

The Promise of Human Cloning :: Cloning Argumentative Persuasive Argument

The Promise of Human Cloning      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cloning opens many doors of opportunities in the agricultural aspect of the United States of America.   It has already been a major factor in saving the lives of many humans.   I feel the society as a whole can not and should not degrade this scientifical finding.   I feel that human cloning should not be done and that this subject raises too many ethical questions.   I would like to focus on an agricultural aspect if I may.   People raised hell when animal parts were put into humans to save lives and today it is an accepted part of medicinal science.   I feel that cloning in an agricultural and medicinal aspect will become the same as transplanted animal parts.   It will go through much debate, but ten years from now it will be accepted scientifically, socially, and morally. In an article in Newsweek called A Cloned Chop, Anyone?   They take a somewhat neutral, but also somewhat negative viewpoint of cloning in an agricultural and medicinal sense.   They admit some good aspects of this genetic engineering, but they still seem pessimistic of the future of cloning in animals excluding humans.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first thing the article states is the Wall Street opportunities for the biotech field.   Instead of phone calls from eager investors only phone calls from reporters were coming in asking about this market.   I feel that now would be a great time to invest in biotechnical companies specializing in agricultural and medicinal cloning.   This article says nothing about the great potentials of long term investment.   Long term investment especially in the medicinal field is incredibly profitable.   Just as in other controversial investing opportunities I feel that investors will find they could have made a lot of money if they invested in this area.   Ten to fifteen years from now this agricultural cloning will be a commonly routine thing and price wars will begin for the products produced by them which means many great investment opportunities will be available.   But one must remember that Wall Street is extremely short term investing so this is a good explanation for not many investors being interested in this because it is still many years before tangible and profitable products are made from cloning.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The article goes on to say the Scottish scientists have a lot of good ideas, but they seem to be only a sci-fi adventure.   Once again I disagree. Scottish scientists are trying to help the human race, not be lucrative mad scientists looking for another way to manipulate the human race.   The following are some things that have already been done with genetic engineering and they

Anatomy and Physiology Cells

This essay will outline the functions of the main cell components, these consist of the nucleus, nuclear membrane, mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, cell membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm and endoplasmic reticulum both rough and smooth. Images: [3] Every human body has billions of microscopic units called cells. Cells carry out numerous of chemical reactions and processes that make up the essence of life. The structure of cells varies in size and shape and has different functions.There are four main features with in a cell and these consist of the cell membrane also known as the plasma, the cell nucleus which contains mature red blood cells, the cytoplasm and the organelles which is a â€Å"various component of a cell with a distinct structure and their own functions and can be likened to miniature organs. Organelles include mitochondria, the endoplasmic reticulum the Golgi apparatus and lysosomes† [1] The nucleus is usually the largest structure inside the cell which con tains chromosomes which contains deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), this is the genetic coding material which determines difference characteristics.The nucleus main function is to contain instructions for growth, work and maintenance of the cell, it controls nearly all the activities of the cell. â€Å"A smaller, darker sphere is often visible, the nucleolus, this is a source of ribonucleic acid (RNA) one of the nucleic acids† [2]. When a cell is not dividing (known as resting) this is called the chromatin network and the nuclear material appears like a thick, triangle mass. When a cell is in the process of dividing, the chromatin network separates into distinct black threads known as chromosomes and there are 23 pairs of chromosomes in a human cell. The nuclear membrane is made up of 2layers, each composed of a lipid bilayer. It has holes all over which are called nuclear pores, to facilitate and regulate the exchange of materials, for example, proteins and RNA, between the nucleu s and cytoplasm. The outer membrane is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum. The inner membrane is linked with a network of intermediate filaments called nuclear lamina acts as a site of attachment for chromosomes. It also acts as a shield for the nucleus†. [4] The mitochondria are rod shaped or spherical shaped, they are very energy active cells.Each mitochondrion has a double layered membrane but the inner layer is folded at intervals, producing a series of ridges known as cristae which is where the enzymes responsible for the end stages of cell respiration. â€Å"The energy released from glucose is stored until it is needed by a chemical battery called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). When energy is required for building complex molecules or doing work like contracting muscles, ATP breaks down to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), releasing energy to build chemical bonds.The ADP is recycled, to be built up once more into ATP, using the energy released from glucose. â€Å"[3] The number of mitochondria in a cell depends on the amount of energy it needs to perform its function, for example the muscle cell will have a large amount because it needs a lot of energy. Images: [4] Lysosomes are very small vesicles produced by part of the Golgi apparatus. They contain powerful enzymes that destroy bacteria, protein, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids and other foreign materials and they release it outside the cells. ysosomes travel freely within the cell and by releasing their contents they can destroy old or damaged organelles and in some cases entire cells, like the clean-up crew of the cell that eliminate anything that has outlived their usefulness. The Golgi apparatus packages protein to deliver to other organelles or outwards from the lysosomes. This appears to look flattened, fluid filled sacs which are stacked upon each other. Images: [2] â€Å"The cell membrane is a thin semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosing its con tents.Its function is to protect the integrity of the interior of the cell by allowing certain substances into the cell† (for example, gases and liquids), â€Å"while keeping other substances out† [6]. The cytoplasm is semi-fluid, gel like substance that gives shape to the cell. This where metabolism takes place and this accommodates cell organelles such the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum (ER), rough and smooth.The rough ER is studded with tiny black bodies called ribosomes and its functions are to manufacture cell proteins and act as a temporary storage area. Sometimes sugars are added to protein (glycoprotein) in secretions like mucus. The smooth ER has no attached ribosomes and is involved in the metabolism. â€Å"Smooth ER is important in the synthesis of lipids and membrane proteins. Rough ER is important in the synthesis of other proteins. Information coded in DNA sequences in the nucleus is transcribed as messenger RNA. Messenger RNA exits the nucleus through small pores to enter the cytoplasm.At the ribosomes on the rough ER, the messenger RNA is translated into proteins. These proteins are then transferred to the Golgi in â€Å"transport vesicles† where they are further processed and packaged into lysosomes, peroxisomes, or secretory vesicles† [5] The reticulum network fills the cell interior and channels passage ways for transporting materials to and from parts of the cell. Images: [1] Ribosomes what are studded all over rough ER. â€Å"A ribosome is a biological molecule made of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and proteins (ribosomal proteins).The structure of a ribosome is complex, and it is responsible for making the millions of proteins that are needed by cells. Think of a ribosome as a small protein biosynthetic factory that translates the DNA genetic information into an amino acid sequence (the primary structure of proteins). † [7] A ribosome may be located in ma ny places within the cell. Some are in the cytosol and others are bound to cellular membranes. Membrane-bound ribosomes are responsible for the characteristic roughness of the endoplasmic reticulum when seen under a microscope.Reference: Images: 1. Anon. (undated) http://www. cellsalive. com/cells/er. htm [online] 2. Anon. (undated) http://micro. magnet. fsu. edu/cells/golgi/golgiapparatus. html [online] 3. Anon. (undated) http://scienceaid. co. uk/biology/cell/structure. html [online] 4. Michael W. Davidson (2000) http://micro. magnet. fsu. edu/cells/mitochondria/mitochondria. html [online] Books and internet: 1. Stretch B. (2010) Health & Social Care Level 3 Book 1: Anatomy and physiology for health and social care 2. Stretch B. 2010) Health & Social Care Level 3 Book 1: Anatomy and physiology for health and social care 3. Stretch B. (2010) Health & Social Care Level 3 Book 1: Anatomy and physiology for health and social care 4. Anon. (2008) www. biology-online. org/dictionary/Nuc lear_membrane [online] 5. Anon. (undated) www. cellsalive. com/cells/er. htm [online] 6. Regina Bailey (2012) www. biology. about. com/od/biologydictionary/g/cell-membrane. htm [online] 7. Paul Arnold (2009) www. brighthub. com/science/genetics/articles/22938. aspx [online]

China Modernizes - Threat or Model Free Essay Example, 1750 words

Despite its interactions with other countries in the economy market, China s law infringes on the geopolitical stability; as the country has used its growing power to sell missiles and other weapons of massive destruction to rogue states. This view assumes that China s authoritarian regime is not just a threat to the economy of the western world but also a greater risk to world peace as well. These aspects are also based on the historical observation that with the rise of new power conflicts and geo-stability emerge too; making it futile for the underdeveloped Chinese legal system to sustain the growth. Accordingly, the US and other allies now prepare for the uncertain future as China continues to grow, with the hope that developed China would change and embrace the spirit of peaceful democracy. This view contrasts the critical view mentioned above as it perceives China as a paradigm for the states that are still developing. Supporters of this view link it to the 21st-century techno logy that is boosting the unprecedented growth across East Asia. This pillar has a six-pillar basis, but not all who support this view agree with all the six. We will write a custom essay sample on China Modernizes - Threat or Model or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page They have instead shied away from the liberal rule of democracy found in Euro-America to more cultural norms and institutional development strategies (Peerenboom, 2007).